According to the American Cancer Society’s December 23, 2010 article entitled “What are the key statistics about cervical cancer?” about 12,200 women are diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer annually. Close to 50,000 women will have non-invasive cervical cancer or carcinoma in situ.
Higher rates of cervical cancer in the United States are seen in Hispanic and African American women. This cancer tends to occur more frequently in women between the ages of 20 and 50.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer may develop slowly over years, and pre-cancerous changes and early cervical cancer typically do not have any symptoms. An abnormal pap smear screening test may be the first indication that a woman may have cervical cancer or pre-cancerous changes. Symptoms of cervical cancer are not necessarily specific and can be due to other conditions and/or factors; therefore, it is important to seek the advice of a healthcare professional if experiencing any symptoms of cervical cancer.
According to the April 22, 2006 CervicalCancer.org’s article entitled “Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer,” women who have later stages of cervical cancer may experience a variety of symptoms.
Unusual vaginal bleeding may appear:
- Heavier than usual during menstruation
- Between menstrual periods
- After menopause
- Following sexual intercourse
- After douching
- After a pelvic exam
Vaginal discharge may occur between periods or after menopause that is foul-smelling and may be blood-streaked, pink, brown, or pale.
Urinary symptoms may occur if the cervical cancer is affecting the urinary system and related symptoms include:
- Frequency – urinating more often than usual
- Dysuria – urination that is painful
- Urethritis – inflammation or infection
- Hematuria – bloody urine
Constipation and urinary retention may occur with later stages of cervical cancer. Pain related to later stages of cervical cancer may be in the pelvis and/or low back. Some women with cervical cancer may experience pain during sexual intercourse. Advanced cervical cancer can invade other areas of the body, such as the lymph nodes, liver, and lungs.
According to the American Cancer Society, women who have or had a HPV (genital human papillomavirus) infection have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. A healthcare provider can provide specific information regarding whether or not a vaccine for HPV and/or screening for HPV would be appropriate. According to the CDC’s November 24, 2009 article entitled “Genital HPV Infection – Fact Sheet,” the vast majority of HPV cases, approximately 9 out of 10, have no symptoms.
Cervical Cancer Red Flags
The good news is that many more women now survive cervical cancer, in part due to Pap test screenings which result in earlier and more effective treatment. Unfortunately, cervical cancer often appears without any symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may be attributed to something else or ignored, which can result in more advanced stages of cervical cancer at diagnosis. Women should speak with a healthcare provider regarding specific recommendations for pap tests or concerns regarding any symptoms.
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- Breast Self Exam – Latest Recommendations
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice.
Katrena Wells - Katrena Wells is a RN in NC with 17 1/2 years of experience in oncology, an educator since 1995, and has taught exercise classes since ...
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